Split the advisory YARD @deprecated annotations out of modelcontextprotocol#406 so the
documentation can land ahead of the 2026-07-28 protocol release.

Per maintainer feedback, this drops the protocol-version-gated runtime
Kernel.warn behavior and the new 2026-07-28 supported protocol version,
leaving only the @deprecated notes for the Roots, Sampling, and Logging
APIs deprecated by SEP-2577.

Refs modelcontextprotocol#390

Co-authored-by: 🦞 Qlaw <noreply@qlaw.quick.shopify.io>

## Motivation and Context

The MCP specification defines `sampling/createMessage` as a server-to-client request
that lets a server ask the client to generate an LLM completion, so the server can leverage
the client's model access without its own API keys.
The Ruby SDK already supports the server side (sending the request) and, on the client side,
the generic server-to-client request infrastructure introduced for elicitation
(the standalone GET SSE listening stream and `on_server_request` dispatch).
This adds the client-side `sampling/createMessage` handler on top of that infrastructure.

## Changes

- Add `MCP::Client#on_sampling`, a thin wrapper that registers a `sampling/createMessage` handler
  via `transport.on_server_request`, mirroring `on_elicitation`. The handler receives the request params
  and returns a `CreateMessageResult`-shaped Hash sent back as the JSON-RPC result.
- Document client-side sampling in the README, including the `sampling` (and `sampling.tools`)
  capability declaration and the human-in-the-loop guidance from the specification.

## How Has This Been Tested?

- Unit tests for `on_sampling` covering handler registration on the transport
  and the error raised when the transport does not support server-to-client requests.
- An HTTP transport test that dispatches a `sampling/createMessage` server request delivered on
  the SSE stream and returns a `CreateMessageResult`.

## Deprecation Note

SEP-2577 deprecates sampling (along with roots and logging) starting with protocol version `2026-07-28`.
The deprecation warnings are added in #406.
Sampling remains fully supported under the current `2025-11-25` protocol version and stays available
throughout the spec's deprecation window, so the client side is implemented here for parity with
the server side and with the Python and TypeScript SDKs.

`MCP::Client#on_sampling` carries the same `@deprecated` annotation as the server-side senders
annotated in #429, tailored to the receiving side: the handler exists to interoperate with servers
that still send sampling requests during the deprecation window. The README section carries
the same note.

Ref: https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25/client/sampling